Martinez Company Essay Example for Free

Martinez Company Essay Introduction Martinez Company is introducing a new product that may be manufactured by using either one of two methods, capital intensive, or labor intensive method. For the capital intensive method, the manufacturing costs per unit are; direct material at $5.00, direct labor at $6.00, variable overhead costs at $3.00 and fixed manufacturing costs at $2,508,000 for the period. For the labor intensive method costs per unit are; direct materials at $5.50, direct labor at $8.00, variable overhead costs at $4.50 and fixed manufacturing costs at $1,538,000 for the period. The research department of Martinez Company recommended an introductory unit sales price of $30. The selling expenses are approximately $502, 000 annually in addition to $2 for each unit sold regardless of the manufacturing method used. The second part of the research is to determine how many units the company will have to sell annually for both methods to be equal. To determine this number the company will need to calculate the indifference point. The calculation is the total fixed cost of both methods is subtracted and then  divided by the contribution margin per unit for each method. Indifference point = (3,010,000-2,040,000)/(14-10) = 242,500. So the company would have to sell 242,500 units for both methods to be equally profitable. This is good information because based on the manufacturing cost of each production method the company will have to sell a specific number of units to maximize profitability. Based on this number the company will select each method in accordance with the projected number of units to be sold. Capital-Intensive Manufacturing vs. Labor-Intensive Manufacturing In the future, the Martinez Company will need to use either capital-intensive or labor intensive method for production. Capital intensive manufacturing method focuses on a high level of capital investment, while labor intensive focuses on a high level of labor investment. Capital intensive manufacturing method is mostly used on a large scale production with automated processes. Labor intensive method is mostly likely used on smaller scale production with personalized products. The capital manufacturing method is also based on whether the organization is producing a standardized product or an exclusive product. The labor intensive manufacturing method should be used when a substantial amount of customer interaction is needed. Capital intensive manufacturing method can be used when the work is too dangerous for employees. With labor intensive manufacturing method there are lower fixed costs and higher variable costs. With the capital intensive manufacturing method there are higher fixed costs and variable costs. In this case, the capital intensive method would be the preferred choice if the sales are expected to be higher than the indifference number of $242,500. Capital intensive manufacturing method limits competition by serving as a barrier to entry and as a capital intensive business, the Martinez Corporation can benefit from this. Barriers to entry are obstacles that prevent new companies to function in capital-intensive industries. Capital intensive manufacturing minimizes human error resulting in a more effective and efficient productivity. Another great advantage with capital intensive manufacturing method is the minimal labor impact.

Serving the Public and the Animals Essay -- Zoology Zoos Wildlife Essa

Serving the Public and the Animals From childhood, most of us have fond memories of going to the zoo. We were entertained by the variety of animals that we were not able to see on a regular basis. Visitors of a zoo get to see exotic, and local animals of that area. Going to a zoo gives children and adults a chance to learn about different animals. Certain zoos also promote the conservation of endangered species. To people of all ages, zoos are just plain fun. This essay will support the operation of zoos based on their entertainment and educational value, and their ability to save some species from extinction. Most zoos, depending on the location, house animals from all over the world. Each zoo needs to be in a place where local animals, as well as exotic, can survive and live comfortably. That’s one of the main reasons why people go to zoos. Visitors are able to view unique animals through glass, and see how they might act in the wild. The Reid Park Zoo in Tucson, Arizona, features primates, big cats, birds, and reptiles. It also features large mammals like hippos, giraffes, and bears. They have recently built a new part of the zoo that houses panthers, sloths, and exotic birds. The Wildlife Zoo in Phoenix, Arizona takes care of hundreds of wild animals, with even more variety than the Reid Park Zoo. These zoos have special activities for children and adults that involve awareness and education of every species. There are also zoo employees who walk around with small animals and snakes that can be petted and held by zoo visitors. Zoos are a popular place to bring students for a field trip. Besides the entertainment value, children can learn about the different animals of the world and see how ea... ...d their viewers. There are so many benefits from having zoos. They give many gifts to the viewers and the captive animals. They aid in conservation, education, and entertainment. Without zoos, humans would not know enough about animals to treat their diseases, or to help wild animals with injuries. Many people would go without knowledge of the world’s different animal species. Several species would have seen extinction already. Zoos are a highly valuable commodity that should not be terminated. Works Cited Bostock, Stephen, Zoos and Animal Rights: The ethics of keeping animals, 1993 â€Å"Conservation in Zoos†, www.wag.co.za/root_news, Accessed 3/24/03 Markowitz, Hal, Behavioral Enrichment in the Zoo, 1982 â€Å"Programs†, http://desertmuseum.org, Accessed 3/24/03 â€Å"Zoos: Pitiful Prisons†, http://www.peta.org/mc/facts, Accessed 3/29/03

Use of Games in Teaching Grammar

Basically, female students are more polite and usually follow the teachers' instruction. They prefer to listen and learn. While the male students tend to ignore and do what they want to do, actually it challenged the teachers' patience. The male students tend to get bored easily, since learning English is more to theories learning. Moreover, a study has shown an important perspective under second language learning investigations; highlighting females to execute more interests, positive behaviors and performances, in comparison to the males (Keller, 1983; Awaken, 1999; Doormen&Shoaib, 2005).These re due to students' unlike levels of motivation, attitudes and anxiety towards language learning, further Influenced by their learning characteristics and styles, lesson content and teaching strategies, social environment and supportive mechanisms, family Influences and peer pressures, cognation levels, and so forth (Williams, Burden , 2002). It is important to note that the challenges facing school systems confronted with the same challenges. Sadomasochistic are not simply an artifact of urban education; rather, they have a significant impact on how urban schools are structured.The concentration of poverty and racial isolation matters in that it is directly related to school processes that significantly influence student achievement trends (Reemerged, 2005). 3. Objective This study aims at identifying reasons why female students have higher interest towards learning the English language. The objectives are as follows: a. To analyses the problems faced by the male students who have lower interest in language learning. B. To find out the whether the teacher is being biased c. To identify the best strategies to attract male students attention in learning language. Problem statement Why do female students have higher interest in learning English language in urban school? This paper addresses the problem that female students have higher interest in learning English language in urban school. Girls were found to be more inclined to study foreign and second languages and outperform boys (Cumberland, 2000). Males are claimed to have a more negative view and a less aptitude towards foreign language than females (Week, 2011). It shows that male students have lower interest and effort to learn English language.The main reason I want to conduct this research s because I am eager to know what makes this big gap in interest of learning English language between female and male students. Why female students interest is higher in learning English language. All these crucial points must be clarified. Only then, we can overcome this matter. Assumption -Male students have lower interest in learning English language. Research Question a. Is it because female students are not interested in practical learning? B. Are the teachers who teach English language come across being biased and not effective? C.What are the strategies can be used by the teachers to grab male stud ents and other students' attention? . Literature Review Several recent studies indicate that many young women around the world consider English to be intrinsically linked to feminism and are motivated to learn it as a language of empowerment. This trend is apparent in Japan, the FL context highlighted in this volume. At present many more young Japanese women than men appear to be interested in learning English, training for English language-related professions, and traveling to English-speaking countries (Sickbay's, 2002).For these women, English offers an entry into the Job market as well as a possible way of liberating themselves from the confines of gender patriarchy. Therefore, we can say that women have awareness of how important English language is. They know their a) Lack of motivation. Moreover, gender has been an important perspective under second language learning investigations; highlighting females to execute more interests, positive behaviors and performances, in compar ison to the males (Keller, 1983; Awaken, 1999; Doormen, 2005).Either because of their uninterested factors or because of feelings of hopelessness, students feared to lose face. Under such conditions, if the teacher were too strict and serious, they would lose their confidence, and not participate voluntarily. They do not have guard to talk in front of others. Some teachers tend to correct the students answers or words directly, it really denominated the students especially the boys. Teacher should be more gentle and smart in correcting the students so that they would not feel embarrass.Teachers' Judgment and treatment of students has tremendous influence on their educational and emotional development, and also impacts how students are labeled, and thus able to access educational resources (Cochran-Smith, 1997; Sakes & Lipton, 1999). Teacher's words and actions influence students very much, because students see teachers as heir role model. B) Teachers are being Judgmental and biased. Social Justice educators, instead, recognize that society is inequitable.Hence, they expect students of color, along with those who are poor, disabled, female, or have limited English skills, to encounter racism, classicism, and other forms of discrimination as part of their efforts to become productive and prosperous citizens (Bartholomew, 1994; Deader, 1991; Sakes , 1999). Teachers' perceptions of male- and (femaleness are crucial for their relations with pupils and can be an important factor in generating gender equity in schools. Gender stereotypes are also likely to be reinforced or weakened by text books and reading material provided in schools.When teachers become so Judgmental, it will affect his or her teaching and learning process and cause other problem, which can make some students feel left aside. Some teachers tend to focus more on female students because normally male students are playful and tend to make fun of the learning itself. However, there must be some male s tudents who really want to learn the language seriously. A study published in the Journal of Human Resources, revealed that boys gained a grade onus on assessment scores when they behaved as well as girls. ) c) Participation in classroom lessons.Participation usually means students speaking in class which are answer and ask questions, make comments, and Join in discussions. Like those in Cortical and Jinn's (1996) study, the students in the present study also worried about losing face in oral English language classrooms. Thus, they kept quiet and waited until they were required to speak English. As we can see a male student's responses, â€Å"l am not so active because I don't want to â€Å"lose face† when I make mistakes† (L', male). â€Å"L have elf-respect and don't want to lose face before others. Female students tend to be learning seriously.Most of the male students do not like to be control within any situation, they like to be free and do as they like. Even th ough, they Join the learning process, they will usually be Joking around rather than learning seriously. Teacher should come up with practical activities such as role play, debate, choir and others to attract student's attention especially male students. This is because males tend to engage eagerly in practical learning style. D) Students different learning strategies Learning strategies are defined in general as behaviors that are intended to influence the individual processes information.Chamois (1987) regards learning strategies as techniques, approaches or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning, and recall of both linguist ICC and content area information† (Chamois, 1987, p. 71). Similarly, according to Oxford (1990), language learning strategies are specific operations used by the learner at various levels to ease the acquisition, storage, retrieval and use of information. Individuals' learning Tyler differ based on their high versus low academic achievement. Gifted and underachieving students have significantly different learning styles and do not perform well with the same methods.Conversely, gifted students in nine diverse cultures with talents in either athletics, art, dance, leadership, literature, languages, or music evidenced essentially similar learning style characteristics to other students with the same talent (Amalgam & Price, 1993: 7) and much defiance, meanwhile, the girls produced big blocks of talk and were obedient, and there was much attentive listening and sympathizing. Females were more successful than males in eight countries among 9-year-olds. ((landfills differ by gender (Grebe, 1999; Pizza, 1990). Males and females learn differently from each other.Males tend to be more kinesthesia, tactual, and visual, and need more mobility in a more informal environment than females. Males also are more nonconforming and peer motivated than their female classmates. In group, males tend to learn less by li stening. Females, more than males, tend to be auditory, authority-oriented, and better able to sit passively at conventional classroom desks and chairs than males. Females also tend o need significantly more quiet while learning (Pizza, 1990: 1 1); be more self- and adult -motivated, and conforming than males (Marcus, 1977: 9). ) Teaching strategies Cave (2001) suggested, studying such questions is important because if gender disparities are found, they may lead teachers and researchers to seek ways to minimize them, thus affording both genders maximum opportunities to achieve high levels of LA literacy. In terms of general language learning strategies, some studies show minimal differences between males and females (Smash, 2003; Shook&Sheorey, 2002) or even higher strategy use for males (Bally, 1996). Most current literature in this area, however, shows that females tend to be more active strategy users than their male counterparts (Oxford, 1993).Teacher should put herself into her students' place, thinking about their difficulties in learning English. Teacher should to be more active, thoughtful, and humorous while giving a class, not stern like certain teacher's role to change the student's perspective of learning English language. Teacher must be creative and create fun learning. Sometimes students don't like to read because they find it difficult. It is the teacher's Job to find the ability level of each detent and gear lessons to meet their needs. Students will feel successful and connect to lessons when they are taught at their level.Those students who seem bored probably lack of the ability to keep up with other students in the regular classroom. Mix up the male students with female students whenever there is activity in classroom. Therefore, the boys would not left behind. We know the girls will do their tasks properly. Their cooperation in completing the task will produce fantastic outcomes. Female students will be more silent and generate ideas whil e the boys will help and boost up their plan. 6. Research Methodology I will be using quantitative method for my research later. I will prepare questionnaire.In which I will use liker scale in my questionnaire. This is because I think, this is easier for them to understand and easier for them to provide their feedback. 7. The expected Work Schedule/Timeline My research will be done during 14 weeks of practical at school. For the first 1 week, I will be observing the students attitudes and responses towards my teaching. The next three weeks, I will give them few activities, exercises and see the feedback. Based on the activities and exercises given, I will identify their strengths and nakedness. I will prepare the questionnaire based on that.

Argumentative Essay On Comic Books - 1642 Words

Ever thought how dumb comic books or graphic novels were growing up? Why such avid readers were called (myself included) nerds? Yet were smarter than you? Think back to how geeky their way of speaking was and they touched on such complexities even for a book! Shortly, reasoning will tell you why comic books are the best. Over the years, from the 20th to 21st century, research and documentation has been stacking up to prove that comic books make their readers smarter. Comics make you want to read, and they use complex language which progresses verbal intelligence. Like steroids for the mind, comics can take struggling readers and make them stronger! Comics like there general format—books—have been crazed with obstruction and ridicule. In†¦show more content†¦Children afflicted with autism can learn a lot about identifying emotions through the images in a graphic novel. Additionally, for children with dyslexia, while it might be very frustrating for them to finish a page of a traditional book, they often feel a sense of accomplishment when they complete a page in a comic book. Many schools with a special needs programs to regular core classes have used or are currently having this medium inducted into their classrooms as a way to help students. Accomplishment is important to child as much as it is making their parents proud. Its a huge self-esteem booster and leads to kids naturally wanting to read more. However, when kids have low self-esteem, they arent strong readers and that can discourage them from wanting to read. But these type of books are a great way to promote literacy. Naturally, administrators do not want to give ESL or ELA students â€Å"picture books.† Kids would reject that and deem it embarrassing because that is how comic books were so generally perceived. However, a comic book at a lower reading level might give kids the reading confidence they need while boosting their reading and language skills. This is true even among a higher level of education or corporal business as explained in a graphic presentation of an empirical examination of the graphic novelShow MoreRelatedWriters Reflection Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pagesremember always writing childish stories, and comic books. In second grade I even won a writers competition. Writing has always been a part of my life. I keep a journal to write important events happening in my life and I like to write poems as well. However, during my high school years writing essays became more complex. For some reason I couldn’t seem to fully understand the different techniques you need in order to write a successful essay. 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