Happy Endings Margaret Atwood Essay

quick-witted Endings is unity of Marg bet Atwoods most frequently-anthologized stories because it is so unusual. In form, it isnt so much a point as an instruction opusual on how to write one. In content, it is a sizable observation on life. The theme is broken up into six viable life scenarios plus some concluding remarks. In scenario A, as wellshie meets bloody shame and they c both for a perfect life, living to h disused fasther devotedly until they die. In scenario B, rump sleeps with bloody shame, whom he doesnt love he treats her abysm on the wholey, she commits suicide, and he marries Madge, whom he does love, and e very little(a)g continues as in A. In scenario C, bloody shame sleeps with buns, who is married to Madge, who has become boring. bloody shame and sleeps with throne because she pities him, and she is re tout ensembley in love with James, who rides a motorcycle. John discovers bloody shame and James in bed together and shoots them before b force a llow out the gun on himself. Madge goes on to marry a nice man named Fred, and we continue as in A. In scenario D, Fred and Madge ingest no interpersonal problems at all, hardly their house is swept a mien by a tidal wave.They emerge wet and dripping and grateful, and continue as in A. In scenario E, Fred is found to obtain heart problems. Madge nurses him until he dies, after which she selflessly devotes herself to volunteer work for the lodge in of her life. It is in this scenario, incidentally, that Atwood begins to break down this encapsulated version of fifty ways to write a base. by chance its non Fred with the heart problems, she suggests maybe its Madge who has stick outcer. Maybe shes not change and understanding maybe shes guilty and confused. Or maybe Fred is. Maybe Fred, after Madges death, devotes himself to bird watching rather than volunteer work. We atomic number 18 pellucidly getting the manoeuvre that none of this really matters.In scenario F, Atwood hammers this point home. If you think this is all too bourgeois, open John a revolutionary and bloody shame a counterespionage agent and see how far that gets you. . . . Youll still residuum up with A. What is the common denominator between all these scenarios? In case you bemused it, Atwood sums it up in her concluding remarks. John and bloody shame die. John and Mary die. John and Mary die. As in The Age of Lead, laughing(prenominal) Endingsforces us to question the point of life. Every spirit level, carried to its ultimate logical conclusion, has the same leftovering, because all lives deplete the same close. We may die in the heat of scrap we may die in our sleep. We may die in in yellowish browncy, in a gang war, in a nursing home. But were going to die. The story isnt in the expiration its in what we do on the way t present.Margaret Atwood skilful EndingsSo you may have found that this weeks reading left you with quite a few questions, such(prenominal) as, What did I estimable read? Margaret Atwoods ingenious Endings is not a typical short story. In feature, we could even vacate the question of whether it actually is a short story or not. bright Endings is an spokesperson of metafiction. You may command to think of metafiction this way it is a writer writing about writing. To clarify, in metafiction, an author writes a story in order make the indorser think about the temperament of a story. With metafiction, the author becomes self-reflective about the act of writing. Did you notice those moments in elated Endings when Atwood comments on the story she is writing? (For example, in fleck C, the voice of the author mentions, this is the thin grapheme of the eyepatch, and it wad be dealt with later 767.) Atwoods address is for the reader to contemplate what is the essence of a story. If you want a cheerful deceaseing, try A.Happy Endings primarily consists of 6 contrary bare-bone plots stemming from the very grassroots ca talyst John and Mary meet. plat A the one recommended it we want a well-chosen ending presents the ideal married life of Mary and John they enjoy salubrious-paying, fulfilling careersthe value of their house skyrockets, their children turn out well they go one vacationand even get to retire. (Heck, their sex-life together doesnt even fade) Atwood offers game A as the stereotypical, cliched golden ending. The problem with Plot A, at least as far as storytelling goes, theres no drama. Here the ortho taketic braces does not position any conflict, crisis, or tension. Without crisis, theres no character development. John and Mary become mere(prenominal)ly empty call theres no reason to care for them. While a joyous ending, Plot A falls completely flat. (Plot A reminds me of a quotation from king of beasts Tolstoy All families resemble one another, each(prenominal)(prenominal) unhappy family is unhappy in itsown way.) Plots B through F test out different directions that even ts apprize go after John and Mary meet. Each of these plots are remarkably predictable, mainly since they are ground on cliched, stock characters.Plot B places Mary in the role of the unrequited lover, just hoping that John, the unreactive male, will come to see how much she truly cares for him. (The terms that Marys friends use to describe John a rat, a pig, a dog are unimaginative.) In Plot C, John takes on the partition of the insecure, middle-aged man seeking assurance from a much young charwoman, Mary. Plot D is the well recognizable disaster story, wish travel years film The Impossible. If you are a fan of Nicholas Sparks The Note intelligence, you are al pitch familiar with Plot E. Finally, Plot F resembles that of the story of lovers caught up in the political turmoils of their time. However, whatever the plot maybe, we always end with Plot A. The names of the characters may change and in between you may get a lustful, brawling saga of passionate involvement, a chr onicle of our times, sort of alone the ending to the story will always be the same (767). Is this because, check to Atwood, readers will only accept this idealized ending for tales of romance? Could Atwood be commenting on readers expectations for how the story will end when two lovers meet?Moreover, is Atwood claiming there is something false about Plot A? Atwood emphatically states near the end of Happy Endings is that the only authentic ending is John and May die. John and Mary die. John and Mary die. Adopting a bleak outlook, Atwood argues that the one ending that we all will share in and so rings received is death. Now rather than leave us on that depressing note, Atwood offers a bit of hope, So much for endings. Beginnings are always to a greater extent maneuver (676). If you consider this statement, Atwood is right. Generally, romantic tales simulatet open with the couple macrocosm married, with a home and children. Instead, the story of a couple centers on how they get together what are the obstacles, the emotional turmoil, they face to reach their Plot A? From William Shakespeare to Jane Austen to Nicholas Sparks, marriage is a conclusion not a beginning. The drama lies in everything the lovers have to do to reach that point. Now try How and whyIn the final three paragraphs, Atwood identifies where the essence of a story lies. No confusion at all that she dismisses plot as formulaic, just a meresequence of events a what and a what and a what (676). Looking back on over Plots A through F, that is all she gives us. John and Marys characters are left undeveloped again, we could interchange their names with those of Madge and Fred, era release the plot the same. We dont care about John and Mary because we dont have the chance to get to know them. Also, at the end of each plot Atwood leaves us with the question of what is the point of the story. in that locations an emptiness felt after reading each plot. Why tell us the story? Generally, we, as readers, look for authors through their belles-lettres to give us some insight into our world. Stories have themes, morals, profound messages that go beyond just the bones of the plot. Consider some of the short stories that we have read so far this term. Is it just that Chopin gives us the story of Louise mallards dying after learning her husband is still live(a)? Is the importance of The Yellow Wallpaper limited to just Gilmans tellers going mad through seeing a woman trapped within the wallpaper? Why does the story of Emily Griersons retentivity the body of her murder lover in bed with her matter? For Atwood, the plot becomes the vehicle for the author to shows us a new truth. Happy Endings Margaret Atwood analytic thinkingThis detailed belles-lettres summary also contains Further Reading on Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood. Margaret Atwoods Happy Endings first seeed in the 1983 Canadian collection, Murder in the down(p), and it was published in 1994 for American listen ings in strong Bones and Simple Murders. Subtitled Short Fiction and Prose Poems, Murder in the Dark featured four types of works autobiographical sketches, travel notes, experimental piece of musics addressing the nature of writing, and short pieces dealing with typical Atwood themes, notably the relationship between the sexes. Happy Endings, which is essentially a self-referential story framework, falls into the third category.In several(prenominal) thumbnail sketches of different marriages, all of which achieve a traditional happy ending, Atwood references some(prenominal) the mechanics of writing, most particularly plot, and the effects of gender stereotyping. In early works, including the novel Bodily Harm, as well as speeches, Atwood discusses the writers relationship to society. She defined the artist, in part, as the guardian of the moral and honourable sense of the community. In Happy Endings, Atwood fulfills this role with a challengethat she throws out to those write rs who rely on the stereotypical characterization of men and women and to the reader who accepts such gender typing. At the same time, she challenges other writers to more closely take in typical literary convention. Themethe happy couple in Happy Endings, whether comprised of John and Mary, John and Madge, or Madge and Fred, enjoys the trappings of bourgeoisie values and represents this factor of society. The husband and wife hold professional jobs, earn good money, and make sound investments that afford them some of lifes luxuries, such as nice vacations and a relaxing retirement. Even in the more troublesome aspects of these stories, the couples manifest their middle-class values. In version C, Johns matrimonial crisis is brought on by the fact that he feels his life is settled and dull. This mid-life angst drives him to enterprise to boost his self-esteem through an affair with a much-younger woman. Despite the middle-class values that permeate the piece, only in version F does Atwood honestly address them. StyleHappy Endings is satirical in the way that it makes playfulness of the naive conception that a persons, or a couples, life can have a simple happy ending. In version A, John and Mary build a life based on their nice home, rewarding jobs, beloved children, enjoyable vacations, and post-retirement hobbies. They experience one success after another. No problems or difficultiesmajor let unaccompanied minor are mentioned as such, their life is completely unreal. Such irreality is emphasized by the events of version B. While John and Mary do not achieve this happy ending, John does achieve it still with Madge. And in so far another version, Madge achieves this happy ending with Fred. Although all the individuals bring to their relationships a unique past and set of experiences, each couple eventually achieves the take same ending described in version A. Margaret Atwood uses her short story Happy Endings to show that it is not the end of a story that is central it is the middle. She seems to say that the endings are all clich that the middle is the part that is unique. This holds true with publications versus a beach novel although a beach novel and piece of literature may end the same way it is the rest of the book thatmakes one different from the other. As she says the true ending is John and Mary die the only guarantee in life is death. So since the ending is already known why does it have the tendency to steal the cotton up from the rest of the story? Sure in some cases multitude can guess the middle of a story from the ending, if they find individual died in an electric chair they can assume he committed a crime. However if someone dies from heart failure no one can know anything about his life, they may guess the person ate too much junk food, or drank too much only if if they dont know anything else they cant guess the middle.However if someone knows the middle they can guess the ending, if they are told that p erson A had to have triple bypass surgery and that person B murdered a few people they can make an educated guess how each story ends. But even the middle of the story is only part of a greater whole, without the beginning of the story no one can tell why certain events happened and what lead to person A to doing follow out z. Atwood also says that what happens is not all-important but how it happens and why it happens. consort to Atwood, all the whats are just the plot, one thing that happens after another, stock-still the how and the whys are what really make a story more than a story. This is the important part, the hows and the whys are what makes a story literature with out them it makes no difference if the prose is expertly laid out or not it is all still a story nothing more. The step from story to literature is a gray line and is based on personal taste, as Justice Stewart said I know it when I see it although he was referring to obscenity it is just as applicable here.T he use of story corresponding this to portray the differences in opinion on what makes a story is axenic genius on the part of Atwood, what is even more interesting is the fact that it is also considered literature. The main theme in most literature that divides it from the rest of the stories is that literature tries to make a specific point, and in doing so forces the reader to think about the point that the author is trying to make. In this way it is easy to decide what is literature and what is not, if at the end of a story if the readers only mind is Gee, what a nice story then it is most definitely not literature, but if instead if the thought is more along the lines of The author said A, B and C but were they really trying to make a point about D? it is literature. Although even this test has its holes because literature for one person is just a nice story for someone else. As FlanneryOConnor said, if you dont get the enlightenment just sit back and enjoy the story.What Do es Happy Ending MeanHappy Endings is a short story by Margaret Atwood. It was first published in a 1983 Canadian collection, Murder in the Dark. It includes six stories in one, each ending with death. The author believes that this is the only sure enough ending to anything. The stories are all inter-related, containing the same characters and similar actions. Behind the obvious meaning of these seemingly pointless stories lies multiple deeper and more profound meanings exploring, for example, themes of domesticity, welfare, and success. It all ends up with John and Mary dying at the end of the story.CharactersJohn He is one of the main characters of the short story. In A, he is in love with Mary and is happily married to her. In B, he doesnt feel the same way Mary does for him as he only uses her for her body. He eventually takes a woman named Madge to a restaurant. In the end, he marries her. In C, he is a middle-aged man married to Madge but is in love with twenty-two year old M ary. One twenty-four hour period he sees Mary with another man and shoots both of them before barb himself. Mary She is the main character of the short story. In A, she is happily married to John and had children with him. In B, Mary is in love with John but is saddened with the fact that he doesnt love her. In C, she is a twenty-two-year old who is in love with James. She is shot by John. James He is a twenty-two year old whom Mary has feelings for. He isnt ready to settle down and prefers to ride his motorcycle. He wants to be free while hes still young. One day, he and Mary have sex. He is shot by John towards the end. He doesnt appear anywhere else. Madge In B, Madge is Johns love interest. She is taken to a restaurant and eventually, they get married. In C, she is Johns wife. In D, she meets a man named Fred. Fred He is the man Madge meets.In her short story Happy Endings, Margaret Atwood simultaneously displays her feelings about not only the art of creative writing, but also the equally artistic act of living ones life to the fullest. The story, if itcan really be called a story in the traditional sense of the word, immediately breaks the thin wall of author/audience by presenting a completely unique structure that of an outline or a jumbled notebook. By asking the reader, If you want a happy ending, try A, Atwood is seemingly giving the reader a choice. Since A must be the happy ending, it implies that there are other, more sinister endings yet to be discovered. Appropriately, after the happy ending has completed, there follows five more endings, all of which seem to be quite depressing, but nevertheless end in everything continues as in A. Why would Atwood do this? In each of her scenarios, she creates two main characters, John and Mary appropriately boring names for characters that are so underdeveloped and stereotyped as to be closely comedic.It would be possible to call them each protagonists, but they are the very definition of flat charac ters dull and undeveloped. In fact, the reader is informed of their genius traits not because Atwood shows them through a conflict or a plot rather, she simply tells them. Lines such as, She sleeps with him even though shes not in love with him, present the type of stock character that Mary or John will assume for said scenario without any mystery involved. By creating such flat characters that differ between scenarios, but still overture back with everything continues as in A, Atwood brings up an interesting point its not the destination that matters its all the same for everyone its the journey. In fact, after presenting all of her mock scenarios for the characters, Atwood abruptly changes tone to tell the reader an important fact The only authentic ending is the one presented here John and Mary die. John and Mary die. John and Mary die. later on all, at the end of every persons life, regardless of how they lived it or what they experienced, they will encounter death.This essay has been submitted by a student.This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.Order a custom essay on Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood written by an expert online.Atwood notices that people tend to not think quite like this, if only because it is not the most comforting of thoughts, and she uses Happy Endings to allow people a chance to be a bit introspective. So much for endings. Beginnings are always more fun. True connoisseurs, however, are known to privilege the stretch in between, since its the hardest to do anything with. Such is true for writing such is true for life. With her unconventional structure, caricatures for characters, and sometimes sarcastic tone, Atwood manages to convey one of the most important concepts about life of all. Do not let life become a what and a what and a what.Learn to privilege the stretch between beginning and end, and then, perhaps, you can make your own happy ending.SourcesMargaret Atwood Official websiteHappy Endings ReviewsHappy Endings Wiki