Inside Islam notes Essay

Islam means Peace and Submission (The peace that comes from submission, the oversight to God that comes from peace.) Allah Akbar means God is cracking. Sunni = 85% of Moslem population Shia = 10% Sufi less than 5% Islam is not only a righteousness of the halfway East largest population of Islamics is in India. Largest Islamic country is Ind onesia. Of aforesaid(prenominal) faith tradition as both Christians and Jews Islamics & Jews are both monotheistic, discord only on mainly messianic theology Places of worship disaccord yet can coexist Spain fostered either three Abrahamic faiths during pre-Ferdinand and Isabella era (pre-1492) objet dart 2 of 9 Pre Muslim Mecca, Quraish company, Muhammads early familys & scratch vision, Quran, 1st pillar shahadah, and start of second pillar prayer http//www.youtube.com/ conform to?v=KtFkhC7DIIoMuslims descended from Hagar and Ishmael, who fled to the retire from Abraham, according to Muslim legend, built Kaba Quraysh tribe con trolled Mecca as avocation city. Later put icons and statues of various tribal Gods in spite of appearance Kaba so Mecca would become veritable(a) much important as a pilgrimage site. Muhammad was born several generations later in 570 AD into a wealthy family. His dad died, his grandfather sent him to live with trading caravans. As a young man he became a talented caravanier, married Khadijah Muhammad illiterate, so others recorded his recitationsQuran means recitation, a mix of poetry, stories, admonitions, advice and warnings. case 3 of 9 2nd pillar (prayer) continued, Muhammad gains go oners, conflict with Meccans, Hijra, to Ummayad dynasty beginning of tertiary pillar http//www.youtube.com/ study?v=5h4bcCSsc9A&NR=1Muhammad gave sermons against polytheism to pilgrims arriving at the Kaba in Mecca was persecuted by Quraish Muhammad had no strong political ally, few followers initially. Journeyed to Yathrib (later referd Medina, city of the Prophet) to arbitrate dispute b etwixt city states. Became year 0 in Islamic calendar, 622 CE. Set up first Islamic community (Ummah)Meccans were enraged, attacked Medina to destroy Muslims. Battle of Badr, outnumbered by Meccans, yet Medinans won Muslims triumphed 630 AD Muslims returned to Mecca Cleansed Abrahams sacred temple (Kaba) of idols of pilgrims, kept the Kaba (lit. cube) as the commutation expression of monotheism Offered Meccans freedom for peace, many transfigureed Arab tribes came to pay tri hardlye to Muhammad and convert Umayyads 1st dynasty 750 Within a century of Muhammads death Muslims controlled more land than the Roman EmpireTurkey to parts of China. Jews and Christians were exempt from renascence to Islam third pillar Charity is heavily emphasized in the Quran, even more than the subordinate status of women area 4 of 9 3rd pillar, charity, continued quaternary pillar, Ramadan, Abbasid dynasty Crusades Mongols http//www.youtube.com/ inhabit?v=ZKsm3O23Itg&NR=13rd chromatography column Chari ty From everything you own you give 2.5% All money collected moldiness be given to those in need One must follow the fast during the month of Ramadan as the 4th pillar Fast lasts from forenoon till sunset Exceptions are make for the sick, weak, children, and the mothers who are expecting Its a m to intensify your efforts to build your relationship with God The festival of the great Eid (Lit. festival) of the breaking of the fast Shia split from the Sunni after the death of Hussein (680 AD) at that come out was a discrepancy of how exiters should be put in nursing home Shia believed that leaders should be direct descendants of Muhammad Sunni believed leaders should be elective democratically8th century golden age in Iraq, Abbasid dynasty arose in Bagdad Abbasids valued learning, Greek philosophy and natural science. Algebra invented, decimals, exponents. Medicine developed, orthopedics, kind illness treatment, surgery. Crusades Jerusalem is 3rd most sacred city for Muslims 10 99 Christians assassinate 30k Muslims 1258 Genghis Khans grandson & his Mongols plundered BagdadPart 5 of 9 Mongol era 5th Pillar, Hajj in Spain, interfaith cooperation http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWJDY8AsFo& lark about=relatedThe Mongol Khan becomes a Muslim,lesser pilgrimage can be taken to Mecca at any time of the year (min 030) Hajj, the greater pilgrimage, occurs only once a year a. Ihram1 = 2 white cloths in which you get out be buried are worn during Hajj, significance is equality, Ihram2 is too = peaceful demeanor to accept all as brothers & sisters. b. Ablution (ritual washing) leads to first stage circumambulation 7 times God is the bloc of ones life c. 2nd step is to march between 2 hills representing Hagars search for water for Ismael represents ones bark in life d. Next day they travel to the plain of Arafat. Pilgrims walk in quiet prayer confessing sins at Mount of Arafat. e. Next, to Mina to squeeze stones at 3 pillars representing Satan, sins are forgiven f . Last event prayer return at KabaMuslim scholars preserved writings from hordes 711 CE Muslims capture at Gibraltar a. Called Moors, dwelled in Andalusia, cities of Cordoba & Seville b. Horticulture, math, navigation developedc. Muslim, Jewish & Christian scholars worked together became a source for the RenaissancePart 6 of 9 Spain, fag Empire place of women colonialism http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6olUPtXRC6U&NR=1Reconquista, Christian re-conquest of Spain dis post Moors and forcing conversion or expulsion of Jews 1492 the Moors were kicked out of Spain 1453 Greek Constantinople fell to Muslim troops call off changed to Istanbul = Islam in Abundance Sultan was the ruler of Islamic Ottoman society. Sultan means ruler Sultans serail (Haram forbidden, taboo) group of concubines, in Western eyes they are dens of iniquity, but in Islamic practice they were centers of protection for women and sources for caucusing about political power Islamic polygamy all wives need to be tre ated equallyPart 7 of 9 Suez distribution channel France colonizes Algeria WWI colonialism Wahabism, jihad http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH2lGUr7eJ4&NR=1Colonial sense of superiority disparaged Muslims France took over northern Africa and the northern part of the Middle East, discouraging Arabic language and Islamic faith. England set forthed into Egypt after creating the Suez Canal, also taking the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, and Iraq. Ottomans sided with Germany in WWI, so England & France took Muslim lands when Germany lost (min 240) Muslim Brotherhood arose in Egypt in 1928Some Muslim states encouraged westbound style central authoritarian dictatorships Muslim Brotherhood resisted these. Following WW2 Muslims throughout European colonies rose up, demanding release from the European counties. Mohammad ibn Abdul Wahab became a leader in the Islamic world, preaching an ascetic, puritanical form of Islam Created Wahabism, founded Saudi State, merging desert warrior spirit with puritanical reform. Very fundamental and radical form of IslamWas indorse up by Saud family, who would become rulers of Saudi Arabia Oil gave Saudis great wealth allowing them to expand Wahabist beliefs. Giving the money to organizations has caused an even more radical group of beliefs to revoke Jihad = struggle. The greater jihad is the struggle of ones will against ones passions and weaknesses, an inner struggle. The lesser jihad is a defending war, using just war criteria. Some groups called for a radical Jihad war against western nations The end justifying the means leads to terrorism.Osama Bin-Laden in particularPart 8 of 9 Malcolm X Israel Iran hostage crisis, Iraq http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKHuc0ehFPcMalcolm X We (blacks) did not land on Plymouth Rock the rock was landed on us Walhid Farad formed the Nation of Islam Elijah Poole joined him changed name to Elijah Muhammad & took charge in 1934 Malcolm Little heard about Nation of Islam in Prison, changed name to Malcol m X Malcolm X What was your name before you lost it?Malcolm X came back from hajj inspired to join Nation of Islam to traditional Islam Gunned down By 1975, Elijahs son brought about Malcolm Xs dream changed name to World Community of Islam Louis Farrakhan continued in old ways of separation Israel made a state in 1948. In 6 twenty-four hours War in 1967 tensions increased with Muslims 1978 Irans Shah fell to Shiite Ayatollah Khomeini US toss away asGreat Satan Students took US embassy workers in Tehran as hostages for 444 days Sadat in Egypt assassinated he had signed a peace treaty with Israel. Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990 coalition lead by US stopped him, imposed no-fly ZonePart 9 of 9 Suicide bombing Islamic hell & heaven swathe up http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=egTCPablawQ&NR=19/11 made people aware not only of radical fringe of Islam, but also of the peaceful Muslim neighbors. Even in heaven one cannot see God Pleas for peace Few stable & fair Muslim governments ha ve replaced colonial governmentsPart 1 of 9 Intro and fundamental facts http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAjsu1ATrts Part 2 of 9 Pre Muslim Mecca, Quraish tribe, Muhammads early years & first vision, Quran, 1st pillar shahadah, and start of 2nd pillar prayer http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtFkhC7DIIo Part 3 of 9 2nd pillar (prayer) continued, Muhammad gains followers, conflict with Meccans, Hijra, to Ummayad dynasty beginning of 3rd pillar http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h4bcCSsc9A&NR=1 Part 4 of 9 3rdpillar, charity, continued 4th pillar, Ramadan, Abbasid dynastyCrusades Mongols http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKsm3O23Itg&NR=1 Part 5 of 9 Mongol era 5thPillar, Hajj in Spain, interfaith cooperation http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWJDY8AsFo&feature=related Part 6 of 9 Spain, Ottoman Empire place of women Colonialism http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6olUPtXRC6U&NR=1 Part 7 of 9 Suez Canal France colonizes Algeria WWI colonialism Wahabism, Jihad http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH2lGUr7eJ4&NR=1 Pa rt 8 of 9 Malcolm X Israel Iran hostage crisis, Iraq http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKHuc0ehFPc Part 9 of 9 Suicide bombing Islamic hell & heaven wrap up http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=egTCPablawQ&NR=1